Oswiecim
I wanted to keep this post separate from my trip to Krakow, because I do not necessarily want to mingle my emotions in that way. Poland does not deserve to be treated this way.
Anyway, on the Saturday of my weekend in Poland, I went on an organized tour to Oswiecim, a small town about an hour outside of Krakow, and better known to the rest of the world by its German name, Auschwitz.
I joined a bus load of folks from my hotel early in the morning and we did the usual tour thing - picking up other folks along the way then grouping together at a major hotel to split up. Some were going to the salt mines, others on a city tour, but by far the most people were on their way to see Auschwitz. On the bus I sat next to a nice Irish guy and together we watched a depressing hour long documentary about what we were about to see. While that was grim in itself, I am not sure anything will compare to the rest of the day.
We started by walking through the gate, which in German says, Work will Set you Free. What an ironic way to enter such a place. The main part of Auschwitz, also known as Auschwitz I, is a a lot of original brick buildings that have been set up as a museum to educate folks on certain aspects of the experience. There were basically two distinct kinds of experiences at the camp - the prisoners, who were brought there to work, and the Jews, who were brought there to be exterminated, and we learned about both.
I guess at the beginning the first residents were mostly Polish political prisoners, after Germany invaded and occupied Poland. Once the first prisoners were there, they built up the camp - chasing away the nearby neighbors, destroying their homes, and using the materials to build parts of the camp. By moving out the surrounding townspeople they were able to create a buffer around the area, effectively isolating it from the rest of Poland and protecting it from outsiders. Remarkably, of the700-odd Poles who originally came to the camp, about 200 survived the entire 4 years it was in operation, I guess because they got the most cushy jobs and became indispensible to their captors.
Soon the other prisoners came in - basically anyone who was different, artists, gays, Jews, gypsies, etc. At first they were photographed and well documented, even though the average lifespan after arriving was about 3 months. We saw many photos of these folks on the wall of the museum. Then, because photos were so expensive, they started tattooing the people instead. In addition they had to wear little symbols identifying them - such as the pink triangle for homosexuals.
A lot of these prisoners were further tortured and/or executed, and we saw the building where they were put in starvation cells, made to stand all night long, or simply shot in the yard for their supposed crimes.
After Hitler ordered the final solution, Auschwitz became the main center of the mass extermination of the Jews. At Auschwitz I, we visited the first of their experimental gas chambers, where about 70,000 people were summarily executed. It was a really creepy feeling to go in together and see the gas outlets on the roof, and the furnaces where people were stuffed in and cremated afterward. Of all the gas chambers, this is the only one that still exists. The Nazis realized they had to hide the evidence, so they blew the others up before the Russians liberated the camp.
Once the mass extermination started, the Nazis were less careful about documenting who arrived and who stayed. They tried to keep as little record as possible about who came in to Auschwitz for this purpose.
And came in they did, from all over Europe - as far away as Greece - more than a days train journey, without food, water or sanitary facilities. One of the most horrifying things to me is that some of these folks actually bought tickets for the journey - thinking they were moving somewhere to start a new life. They were allowed to bring 25kg with them - so they brought only their most valuable and precious things they needed to live, photos, jewelry, kitchen equipment, etc. I couldn't help thinking of my own journey on Ryan Air and my baggage limits.
The main part of the camp where the exterminations took place was at nearby Birkenau, or Auschwitz II. There were 300 barracks there and the remains of two large crematoria, as well as the original railway tracks where the victims arrived. We walked the same path as the condemmed did. Basically when they got off the train, a Nazi doctor evaluated those who could work vs the many who couldn't. One line walked to the gas chambers, while the other entered the main part of the camp. We walked the gas chamber side and saw the blown up remains of one of the main extermination points.
One of the creepiest things was the weather. When we got to the ruins of the gas chamber/crematorium, we started to hear rumbles of thunder. Then when we entered one of the original brick barracks, there was more ominous thunder and it started to pour. It was almost like someone was making as statement.
Our tour guide was a young Polish girl whose sad eyes expressed the horror of everything she described to us. I can't imagine how she can do that every day.
I did not take many pictures - you were not supposed to take pictures inside, though most people did. I tried to be respectful.
Almost a week on, it is still difficult for me to get much of this visit out of my mind. When I imagine what it must have been like to live in that time, I can't help thinking that if I was in Poland at the time, probably a lot of my friends would be sent to a place like Auschwitz. After all, most of my friends fall into these categories: artists, intellectuals, political dissidents, homosexuals, Jews. I have always gravitated towards the fringe without really going to far into it myself. But because I am really more conservative - what would have happend to me? Would I have been sent too? Would I have had the courage to fight back and to fight for my friends? It is all very disturbing to think about. Luckily my ancestors left Poland and Hitler was defeated.